A bell curve is a graph used to visualize the distribution of a set of chosen values across a specified group that tend to have central, normal values that peak, with low and high extremes tapering ...

This column is the fourth in a series on parameter estimation, leading up to the justly famous Kalman filter. The discipline is based on the fact that our knowledge of the state of any real-world ...

Discover how tail risk impacts portfolios, why rare financial events matter, and strategies for safeguarding investments against significant, unexpected losses.