In the early digital era, logic gates were made exclusively of transistors and discrete components. The obvious occupation of a large space and increased heat dissipation pushed technology to ...

What kinds of applications utilize precision resistor trimming? Obvious applications include setting operational-amplifier gain and offset and voltage regulator output (Fig. 1a and 1b). But there are ...

Oscillators, also called astable multivibrators, are electronic devices that generate a periodic signal. They are employed in a large number of applications such as clocks, oscillophones, musical ...

In many system applications, it becomes necessary to adjust a switched-mode power supply (SMPS) output voltage within narrow limits in order to remove tolerances and drops in the power path, verify ...