Abstract: Blockchain has been widely used in various industries for providing trustworthy data. On-chain data can be regarded as trusted after it is finalized by blockchain consensus, namely after the ...

The original version of this story appeared in Quanta Magazine. In 1974, five years before he wrote his Pulitzer Prize–winning book Gödel, Escher, Bach: An Eternal Golden Braid, Douglas Hofstadter was ...

Can you chip in? This year we’ve reached an extraordinary milestone: 1 trillion web pages preserved on the Wayback Machine. This makes us the largest public repository of internet history ever ...

Abstract: Proof of Authority (PoA) is a widely adopted consensus algorithm for permissioned blockchain networks, where a group of trusted entities governs the network. PoA is known for achieving rapid ...

Gear-obsessed editors choose every product we review. We may earn commission if you buy from a link. Why Trust Us? Representation theory transforms abstract algebra groups into things like simpler ...

You’re probably familiar with nouns as the words that name people, places, and things. But did you know that nouns don’t just label things; they also serve particular functions in a sentence?

Once upon a time, real silver dollar coins filled cash registers across America, and some of these old coins still exist in coin collections and change jars. The rarest silver dollars are worth more ...

Be legible and in English (original documentation may be in a foreign language with translation attached). Show patient name and date of birth consistent with an official government ID (i.e. passport ...

If you want to learn how to use IF and VLOOKUP nested functions in Excel, you’ve come to the right place. The IF and VLOOKUP nested functions are two of the most powerful functions in Excel used by ...